An image of Dr Sol Rojas-Lizana, who grew up in Chile during the military dictatorship of former president Augusto Pinochet. She is holding the graphic novel she co-authored, called 'Historias Clandestinas'.

Dr Sol Rojas-Lizana, who grew up in Chile during the military dictatorship of former president Augusto Pinochet. Image: Anjanette Webb

Dr Sol Rojas-Lizana, who grew up in Chile during the military dictatorship of former president Augusto Pinochet. Image: Anjanette Webb

Dr Sol Rojas-Lizana grew up in a safe house with some of Chile’s most-wanted political fugitives. She reveals the hidden memories of her childhood – when one false move could have led to the death of her family and the ‘criminals’ they harboured – and how those memories inspired a graphic novel.

By Chris Clarke


Sol Rojas-Lizana and her older brother Ariel didn’t make a sound. The two children held their breath and glanced at the wanted man seated nervously across the room of their unassuming brick home.

Somewhere outside, a truck of Chilean soldiers patrolled the city streets of Santiago at the order of their president and military dictator Augusto Pinochet.

Any member of the socialist resistance who dared to challenge their US-backed junta would be apprehended or killed.

It was 1979 and Sol and her family of seven were acutely aware of the danger they faced. Pinochet and his army had seized control of the nation and overthrown former president Salvador Allende six years earlier.

Illustrations from the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, depicting Dr Sol Rojas-Lizana's childhood growing up in a safe house for Chile's most-wanted political fugitives. Illustrations: Ariel Rojas-Lizana

The Lizanas harboured the wanted man on and off in the decade that followed. 

The man was Hernán Aguiló Martínez, one of the leaders of the rebel political party (Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria) MIR, or Movement of the Revolutionary Left. 

He and his partner would come and go, using Sol and Ariel’s home as a safe house.

Illustrations from the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, depicting Dr Sol Rojas-Lizana's childhood growing up in a safe house for Chile's most-wanted political fugitives. Illustrations: Ariel Rojas-Lizana

At other times, another of the family’s notorious guests was Andrés Pascal Allende, the leader of MIR and the nephew of the deposed president. Still alive, Pascal Allende is also a relative of Hollywood actor Pedro Pascal, known for his roles as The Mandalorian in the Star Wars universe and Oberyn Martel in Game of Thrones. Together, the group had orchestrated a rebel uprising from the family’s dining room table.

Of the 20 leaders within MIR, Aguiló Martínez and Pascal Allende would be among the few survivors of Pinochet’s reign of terror.

Sol, aged 12, had grown to accept the presence of strangers. In fact, they would become her family.

Their presence heightened her sense of security. She knew that one wrong move meant the group faced execution.

Illustrations from the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, depicting Dr Sol Rojas-Lizana's childhood growing up in a safe house for Chile's most-wanted political fugitives. Illustrations: Ariel Rojas-Lizana

Illustrations from the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, depicting Dr Sol Rojas-Lizana's childhood growing up in a safe house for Chile's most-wanted political fugitives. Illustrations: Ariel Rojas-Lizana

Illustrations from the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, depicting Dr Sol Rojas-Lizana's childhood growing up in a safe house for Chile's most-wanted political fugitives. Illustrations: Ariel Rojas-Lizana

Illustrations from the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, depicting Dr Sol Rojas-Lizana's childhood growing up in a safe house for Chile's most-wanted political fugitives. Illustrations: Ariel Rojas-Lizana

Illustrations from the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, depicting Dr Sol Rojas-Lizana's childhood growing up in a safe house for Chile's most-wanted political fugitives. Illustrations: Ariel Rojas-Lizana

Illustrations from the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, depicting Dr Sol Rojas-Lizana's childhood growing up in a safe house for Chile's most-wanted political fugitives. Illustrations: Ariel Rojas-Lizana

On this day in 1979, as they contemplated death, Sol heard a pair of feet crunch the gravel at the entrance.

Four loud bangs at the door echoed through the home.

Sol peered carefully through a gap in the front gate of the property and could see a set of combat boots.

Now in attack mode, Aguiló Martínez and Sol’s family clutched at their machine guns and the family slowly opened the door to meet their fate.

Each member breathed a sigh of relief when they saw the familiar face on the other side.

It was the gardener, called by Sol’s aunty days earlier.

Although it had been a false alarm on this occasion, the group knew they may not be so lucky next time.

Fast forward more than 30 years and Sol is now a senior lecturer at UQ’s School of Languages and Cultures.

With a PhD in Discourse Analysis and Comparative Cultural Studies, Sol has written more than 40 publications, including three books and five books as a translator.

Her most famed of these, Historias Clandestinas, is a graphic novel that translates to Hidden Memories.

Written with older brother Ariel, the pair document their experiences growing up during a genocide in Chile, sharing a safe house with the likes of Aguiló Martínez and Pascal Allende.

An image of Dr Sol Rojas-Lizana reading the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, which she co-authored with her brother Ariel Rojas-Lizana.

Dr Sol Rojas-Lizana with the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, which she co-authored with her brother Ariel Rojas-Lizana.

Dr Sol Rojas-Lizana with the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, which she co-authored with her brother Ariel Rojas-Lizana.

Over four years, Sol sent paragraphs from her home in Brisbane to Ariel, who still lives in Santiago. Ariel then drew illustrations to match the text and sent it back for review over the course of countless weekends and holidays.

The incredible true story is now being turned into a film – a snippet of which premiered at France’s Marché du Film, a showcase that takes place the week before the Cannes Film Festival each July. 

Ariel’s childhood spent illustrating his experiences in the family safe house has become the premise of the film version.

“We lied to so many people for so many years,” Sol reflected.

“Even to my best friend, I couldn’t say anything. We couldn’t tell anybody else about our lives at the time – not our relatives, our grandmother, or boyfriend.

“It was a very special kind of life and a part of history that not many people know about.

“When you read history, you don’t read that type of thing. You don’t read about people in the resistance and what it was like growing up a part of that.”

Humbled by the acclaim the book has received, Sol remains grounded by her experiences and hopes a publisher will also consider turning Historias Clandestinas into an English version. Currently, only a Spanish version has been printed.

Much is still unknown about the ordeals faced by Chileans from 1970 to 1990, when a referendum was held and a new democratic government was formed.

A ‘period of silence’ followed the end of Pinochet’s tyranny as president, although he remained in office as the military’s commander-in-chief until 1998.

“It’s very common that when you leave a traumatic time in history, there is a period of silence that follows,” Sol said.

“This is what happened with the Holocaust. After the Holocaust, there was a period of silence in terms of survivors not writing about it.

Illustrations from the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, depicting the arrests and executions which were common during the military dictatorship of former president Augusto Pinochet. Illustrations: Ariel Rojas-Lizana

“It wasn’t until 20 years later that people started to write about their own lives and this is how it was with Chile because the dictatorship didn’t finish until 1990.”

The graphic novel recreates some of the most terrifying moments faced by the siblings while growing up under Pinochet’s rule.

Sol and Ariel illustrated being used by the resistance to carry out dangerous undercover missions their adult leaders couldn’t. As juveniles, their family and the leaders of MIR felt they would be unsuspected weapons in the fight for freedom.

Illustrations from the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, depicting the arrests and executions which were common during the military dictatorship of former president Augusto Pinochet. Illustrations: Ariel Rojas-Lizana

Hidden by the masses in the streets of Santiago, Sol recalled being given money one day to buy each of the nation’s major newspapers. She was given strict orders to purchase each paper from a different newsstand in a different district, so not to raise suspicion or attract unwanted attention from the military’s intense surveillance.

The family also helped to produce its own secret newsletter to spread hope to other parts of the country.

The children were then responsible for disseminating it because their fingerprints could not be traced.

“When you are 16 years old you get your ID card and they take your thumbprint and you are in their system. Because we were so young, we didn’t have our prints in the system. So, we were the ones that handled everything,” Sol said.

Illustrations from the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, depicting how Dr Sol Rojas-Lizana's family helped to produce its own secret newsletter. Illustrations: Ariel Rojas-Lizana

“In this dictatorship, you cannot write anything – if they catch you with something like that you go to jail.

“It was forbidden, so our newsletter had to be produced and done in our house.

“We all contributed. My brother would do drawings and then the editor would write it, and my mum would put it on the typeset.”

Illustrations from the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, depicting the arrests and executions which were common during the military dictatorship of former president Augusto Pinochet. Illustrations: Ariel Rojas-Lizana

Illustrations from the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, depicting the arrests and executions which were common during the military dictatorship of former president Augusto Pinochet. Illustrations: Ariel Rojas-Lizana

Illustrations from the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, depicting the arrests and executions which were common during the military dictatorship of former president Augusto Pinochet. Illustrations: Ariel Rojas-Lizana

Illustrations from the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, depicting the arrests and executions which were common during the military dictatorship of former president Augusto Pinochet. Illustrations: Ariel Rojas-Lizana

Illustrations from the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, depicting how Dr Sol Rojas-Lizana's family helped to produce its own secret newsletter. Illustrations: Ariel Rojas-Lizana

Illustrations from the graphic novel Historias Clandestinas, depicting how Dr Sol Rojas-Lizana's family helped to produce its own secret newsletter. Illustrations: Ariel Rojas-Lizana

Prior to the release of Historias Clandestinas in 2014, many of the family’s stories had never been told before.

Sol explained that their journey towards publication was made difficult by the distance that separated her and Ariel, along with the challenge of finding time to write while balancing work and life.

The book also created emotional and spiritual challenges associated with reliving their childhood trauma.

Ariel originally felt uncomfortable with turning their ordeal into a graphic novel. 

But ultimately, the pair found the experience cathartic, as they were able to use the writing process to heal wounds that had remained open for decades.

“On a personal level, it was really good for me,” Sol said.

“It was healing. It was healing for Ariel, too.

“Although I wasn’t as traumatised by our childhood as my brother was, it was a really good experience for him, too, and it also got us closer together.”

While the graphic novel is not yet available in English, it has already been used in three university courses in Australia, including at UQ. 

The book’s content is currently being taught as part of UQ’s literature course by Sol herself.

It has also been used in PhD theses in Chile, Germany and the United States, while other researchers around the world have published papers and chapters using Historias Clandestinas as the subject of research.